We examined the effects of social and cultural contexts on smiles displayed by children during gameplay. Eight-year-old Dutch and Chinese children either played a game alone or teamed up to play in pairs. Activation and intensity of facial muscles corresponding to Action Unit (AU) 6 and AU 12 were coded according to Facial Action Coding System. Co-occurrence of activation of AU 6 and AU 12, suggesting the presence of a Duchenne smile, was more frequent among children who teamed up than among children who played alone. Analyses of the intensity of smiles revealed an interaction between social and cultural contexts. Whereas smiles, both Duchenne and non-Duchenne, displayed by Chinese children who teamed up were more intense than those displayed by Chinese children who played alone, the effect of sociality on smile intensity was not observed for Dutch children. These findings suggest that the production of smiles by children in a competitive context is susceptible to both social and cultural factors.
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机译:我们研究了社交和文化背景对儿童在游戏过程中表现出的笑容的影响。八岁的荷兰和中国孩子要么独自玩游戏,要么成对玩耍。根据面部动作编码系统对对应于动作单位(AU)6和AU 12的面部肌肉的激活和强度进行编码。 AU 6和AU 12的激活同时出现,表明存在Duchenne微笑,在组队的孩子中比单独玩耍的孩子更频繁。对微笑强度的分析揭示了社会和文化背景之间的相互作用。相比之下,单身玩耍的中国儿童所表现出的笑容,包括杜兴和非杜尚的笑容,都比单独玩耍的中国儿童所表现出的笑容更强烈,而荷兰儿童并未观察到社交对笑容强度的影响。这些发现表明,在竞争环境中儿童产生笑容容易受到社会和文化因素的影响。
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